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Authors
Zhao, Zuodong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4235-1859
Fieuws, Steffen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6875-8366
Attanasio, Catia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8077-5719
Pedano, Mariano Simón https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7686-4476
Cadenas de Llano-Pérula, María https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4710-255X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
International Orthodontic Foundation (Young Research Grants Award)
KU Leuven University (Start-up Grant for Young Professors)
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Article History
Received: 11 August 2025
Accepted: 10 November 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
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: This project was approved by the Commission for Medical Ethics of KU Leuven University and University Hospitals (UZ) Leuven (file number S-60530). The work was carried out in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Prior to participation, all participants and their parents/legal representatives provided signed informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
