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Advances in clear aligner therapy: comparative evaluation of the optical properties and bacterial adhesion of 3D direct-printed and thermoformed aligners

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40510-025-00600-3

Published Online: 2025-12-18

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Chen, Daniel De-Shing

Peng, Tzu-Yu

Huang, Pin-Yu

Kaku, Masato

Cheng, Johnson Hsin-Chung
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

National Science and Technology Council (112-2314-B-038-118-MY2)

Taipei Medical University (A-112-052)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-12-18

Version of Record valid from 2025-12-18
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Article History

Received: 25 August 2025

Accepted: 8 December 2025

First Online: 18 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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