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Authors
Li, Liang
Ngan, Peter
Zhao, Tingting
He, Hong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the International Orthodontics Foundation (No. IOF2022C01)
the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen Nanshan (SZSM202103005)
the Wuhan University School & Hospital of Stomatology Clinical Research Project (No. LYZX202101)
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Article History
Received: 6 January 2026
Accepted: 28 May 2026
First Online: 8 June 2026
Declarations
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: This study was filed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (No. WDKQ2025-B92). Due to the retrospective and observational design of the study, informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
