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Comparison of disengagement levels and the impact of disengagement on item parameters between PISA 2015 and PISA 2018 in the United States

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-023-00152-0

Published Online: 2023-02-08

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Kuang, Huan http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2651-2867
Sahin, Fusun http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-5747
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2023-02-08

Version of Record valid from 2023-02-08
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Article History

Received: 5 April 2022

Accepted: 12 January 2023

First Online: 8 February 2023

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.