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Authors
Miyamoto, Ai
Gauly, Britta
Zabal, Anouk
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Article History
Received: 28 April 2023
Accepted: 14 June 2024
First Online: 9 July 2024
Declarations
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: The PIAAC survey was conducted according to ethical principles and practices prescribed by the PIAAC Technical Standards and Guidelines which were based on the Cross-Cultural Survey Guidelines (). In addition, the German PIAAC survey complied fully with German data protection laws and regulations; participation was voluntary and informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: The data do not contain any individual data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos).
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
