The validity and comparability of motivational constructs in TIMSS 2019
Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-026-00283-0
Published Online: 2026-02-17
Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy
Lehtola, Piia
Marôco, João
Pulkkinen, Jonna
Kotila, Jenni
Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-02-17
Version of Record valid from 2026-02-17
Article History
Received: 14 October 2025
Accepted: 16 January 2026
First Online: 17 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.