Crossmark

The longitudinal relationship between schools’ academic optimism and academic achievement in elementary schools: evidence from a school panel study

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-026-00300-2

Published Online: 2026-05-26

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Becher, Laura https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8267-0474
Kleinkorres, Ruben https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9689-8796
McElvany, Nele https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8649-5523
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-05-26

Version of Record valid from 2026-05-26
More Information

Article History

Received: 16 December 2025

Accepted: 1 May 2026

First Online: 26 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.