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School digital conditions and student computer and information literacy across 12 education systems: system-specific multilevel evidence from ICILS 2023

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-026-00315-9

Published Online: 2026-08-29

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Chaemchoy, Sukanya

Supsin, Thanakrit https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3076-4688
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-08-29

Version of Record valid from 2026-08-29
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Article History

Received: 1 June 2026

Accepted: 20 August 2026

First Online: 29 August 2026

Declarations

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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