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Article History

Received: 6 December 2023

Accepted: 11 March 2025

First Online: 5 May 2025

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The nature of the data and the focus of our research primarily centered around general user behavior patterns and algorithmic analyses on an aggregated level. Given this context, our study did not delve into personal, sensitive, or identifiable information about individual users. Rather than examining or reporting individual-level data, the data were analyzed to understand broader trends and patterns within these volunteer-based social networks. We ensured that all research activities were conducted responsibly, upholding the integrity of the data and the privacy of the users indirectly represented in the study. This approach aligns with ethical research practices in the field of big data analytics. Anonymized data was provided by Olio, for the purpose of scientific inquiry.

: We confirm that we have obtained consent from Olio for the publication of this study.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests concerning this study.