Wei, Juan
Lin, Feihong
Jin, Tian
Yao, Qian
Wang, Sheng
Feng, Di
Lv, Xin
He, Wen
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China cultivating program supported by Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital (fkzr25116)
Project of Key Supported Disciplines by Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (No.2023ZDFC0204)
Research physician talent plan of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital (LYRC202404)
Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (No. Q24H040021)
Science and Technology Programme of Quzhou, Zhejiang Province (No.2023K105)
Medical and Healthcare Talent Research Initiation Fund Category G (No.KYQD 2022-29)
Article History
Received: 16 July 2024
Accepted: 30 June 2025
First Online: 11 July 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Since MIMIC-IV only includes anonymized information, patients’ consent to participate was waived at the local institution (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC)). Moreover, since this dataset was later made publicly available, the Ethics Committee at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital did not require further protocol approval.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.