Zainuddin, Nurhafizhoh
Hassan, Maizom
Mohd Masri, Mohamed Mazmira
Maidin, Mohd Shawal Thakib
Madihah, Ahmad Zairun
Kamarudin, Noorhazwani
Mohd Ali Napiah, Nur Robaatul Adhawiyah
Nor Muhammad, Nor Azlan
Funding for this research was provided by:
Malaysian Palm Oil Board (YP3-3/2021)
Article History
Received: 9 July 2025
Accepted: 2 October 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.