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Article History

Received: 6 February 2020

Accepted: 28 December 2020

First Online: 15 April 2021

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Not applicable.

: All authors have approved the manuscript for submission and publication.

: DKM has received personal fees from Afimmune, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Janssen Research and Development LLC, Sanofi-Aventis Group, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Merck & Co., Lilly USA, Novo Nordisk, GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca, Lexicon, Eisai Inc.Pfizer, Metavant, Applied Therapeutics, Esperion. SEI has served on clinical trial executive, steering or publications committees or has consulted or lectured for Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi/Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, vTv Therapeutics, Merck, and Abbott (Alere). OEJ was  employed by Boehringer Ingelheim at the time of writing of this manuscript, but is now employeed by Nestlé Health Science. JR has served on scientific advisory boards and received honoraria or consulting fees from Eli Lilly, Sanofi, Novo Nordisk, Janssen, Oramed, Boehringer Ingelheim and Intarcia; he has also received grants/research support from Merck, Pfizer, Sanofi, Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Genentech, Janssen, Lexicon, Boehringer Ingelheim, Oramed and Intarcia. JTG was employed by Boehringer Ingelheim at the time of writing of this manuscript, but is now employeed by Novo Nordisk. NM has given lectures for Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Sanofi-Aventis, MSD, BMS, AstraZeneca, Lilly, NovoNordisk; has received unrestricted research grants from Boehringer Ingelheim, and has served as an advisor for Amgen, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Sanofi-Aventis, MSD, BMS, AstraZeneca, NovoNordisk. In addition, served in trial leadership for Boehringer Ingelheim and Novo Nordisk. I decline all personal compensation from pharma or device companies.