Mpagi, Ronald https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2809-0446
Okidi, Lawrence https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7932-0896
Ongeng, Duncan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1535-4077
Article History
Received: 4 May 2025
Accepted: 24 July 2025
First Online: 2 September 2025
Declarations
:
: Ethical approval to conduct this study was sought from and granted by the Gulu University Research Ethics Committee (Approval number: GUREC-2022–456). Consent to collect food and water samples was sought from household members in the selected sub-counties within the respective districts of Karamoja sub-region.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.