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Authors
Sasaki, Aki
Kuribara, Tomoki
Unoki, Takeshi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-4355
Haruna, Junpei
Tatsumi, Hiroomi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (25K13839)
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Article History
Received: 16 January 2026
Accepted: 7 July 2026
First Online: 14 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Graduate School of Nursing, Sapporo City University (2022–11-18), and was conducted with permission from Sapporo Medical University Hospital (342–177). The study information was publicly posted, and eligible patients were provided with the opportunity to opt out.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
