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Authors
Yamamoto, Ryohei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5144-6585
Tohyama, Takeshi
Han, Ahram
Pedersen, Norman
Wanis, Kerollos Nashat
Byers, Joseph
Celi, Leo Anthony
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Naito Foundation
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Article History
Received: 30 June 2026
Accepted: 9 August 2026
First Online: 14 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The establishment of the MIMIC-IV database was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Boston, MA, USA), which granted a waiver of informed consent for the collection and research use of the de-identified data. MIMIC-IV is de-identified in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Safe Harbor provisions, and access is provided via PhysioNet to credentialed users who complete required training and sign a data use agreement. Because the present study used only publicly available de-identified data and contained no directly identifiable information, it was considered not to constitute human subjects research, and additional ethics approval and individual informed consent were not required.
Consent for publication: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s identifiable data in any form.
Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
