Article History
Received: 17 July 2026
Accepted: 19 August 2026
First Online: 25 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: JAK discloses the following: Employment/stock: Spectral Medical; Consultancy: AstraZeneca, Baxter, Bayer, BioPorto, Chugai Pharma, Mitsubishi Tanabe; Licensed patents held by the University of Pittsburgh: Cytosorbents, J3RM. NS has received research funding from the US National Institutes of Health (P01AI168148 and R01AI183353 for leptospirosis research) and Jafron (DPMAS project). The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.