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Article History

Received: 28 January 2026

Accepted: 2 June 2026

First Online: 1 July 2026

Declarations

:

: This study received ethical approval from the Ethics and Deontology Committee (CED) of the Higher Institute of Veterinary Sciences and Medicine of Dalaba (ISSMV/D), through its General Directorate of Research (Approval reference: N°2024/116/ISSMV/DGR/CED). Before inclusion in the study, all participants were informed about the objectives and procedures of the research. Free, informed, and verbal consent was obtained from all participants. Because many respondents were illiterate, verbal consent was explicitly authorized by the ethics committee. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant institutional guidelines and regulations. Data were collected and analyzed anonymously and confidentially.

: This manuscript does not contain any individual data that could directly or indirectly identify human participants or animal owners. The information collected was anonymized at the time of collection and used exclusively for research purposes. The free, informed, and voluntary consent of the participants was obtained prior to their inclusion in the study. Therefore, specific written consent for publication was not required.

: The authors declare no competing interests.