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Article History

Received: 20 May 2026

Accepted: 15 September 2026

First Online: 18 September 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: All information used in this study was obtained from the Irish Wolfhound Database, an open-access resource to which pedigree, life-history, and health data are voluntarily contributed by owners, breeders, and breed clubs with their knowledge and consent. As the study relied exclusively on this pre-existing, publicly available dataset, with all individuals further anonymized through alphanumeric coding (see below), and did not involve any direct interaction with animals or owners, no additional ethical approval was required.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.