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Article History

Received: 11 April 2022

Accepted: 10 February 2023

First Online: 11 March 2023

Declarations

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: At the start of the course, the students and instructors were informed about the experiment, and invited to sign a compulsory consent form, confirming their predisposition to participate in our data collection. Even so, as the analysis was made at a collective behavioral level, no personal or confidential information was extracted from the individual participants, and there were no potential risks and no anticipated benefits to each of them. In addition, as this work comprehends an analytical study on the observational in-class data relating to the learning process, and in which the data was collected by one of the paper authors, we followed the self-assessment check-list proposed by the EU [1], that reflects that there is no need of further ethical approval in cases such as this.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.