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Article History

Received: 11 April 2023

Accepted: 5 July 2023

First Online: 24 July 2023

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill’s Institutional Review Board (reference number: 21-134) and the NC DAC (reference number: HS2107-03). This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. This study received a waiver of consent from the UNC Institutional Review Board, given that we exclusively used existing administrative data. Moreover, we did not have contact information for any of the subjects. Furthermore, study subjects were a mix of currently and formerly incarcerated individuals and contacting them, especially without contact information, would be nearly impossible. The IRB determined that the research involved no greater than minimal risk to subjects or their privacy, did not adversely impact the rights or welfare of any subjects, that the benefits far outweighed any minimal risks, and that the study would not be possible without a waiver of consent.

: Not applicable.

: Gregory Swink and Charles Mautz are employed by the North Carolina Department of Adult Correction. Mr. Swink was involved in the implementation of the RDU program evaluated here, and the RDU program is under the purview of the Section Mr. Mautz oversees. There are no other conflicts to report.