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Authors
Blanchard, Ashley
Chihuri, Stanford
Ing, Caleb
DiGuiseppi, Carolyn
Li, Guohua
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (R21 HD098522 and R01 HD108138, R21 HD098522 and R01 HD108138, R21 HD098522 and R01 HD108138, R21 HD098522 and R01 HD108138, R21 HD098522 and R01 HD108138)
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Article History
Received: 30 October 2024
Accepted: 15 June 2025
First Online: 7 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study does not meet the criteria of human subjects research per 45 CFR 46.
: Not Applicable.
: CD and AB are editorial board members and GL is Editor-in-Chief of Injury Epidemiology. They were not involved in the peer-review or handling of the manuscript. The authors have no other competing interests to disclose.
