Charyk Stewart, Tanya https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3875-2235
Pellar, Allison
Halari, Moheem
McClafferty, Kevin
Verville, Pascal
Pickup, Michael
Fraser, Douglas
Gilliland, Jason
Shkrum, Michael
Funding for this research was provided by:
Transport Canada (Transport Canada)
Article History
Received: 13 March 2025
Accepted: 5 September 2025
First Online: 24 October 2025
Declarations
:
: This article has been published as part of Injury Epidemiology Volume 12 Supplement 1, 2025: Proceedings of the 29th Annual Injury Free Coalition for Kids ® Conference: Forging New Frontiers: Engineering for Equity. The full contents of the supplement are available online at .
: The study was approved by the Western University Health Science Research Ethics Board (Project ID: 113440; Lawson Health Research Institute approval number: R-19-066). The Board agreed to waive the requirement to obtain informed consent, in accordance with Tri-Council Policy Statement 2, Article 3.7A, as the research involved no more than minimal risk to the participants who were deceased; the alteration to consent requirements was unlikely to adversely affect their welfare; and it would have been impossible to carry out the research and to address the research question properly, given the research design, if prior consent of the participants was required.
: Not applicable.
: The authors have no competing interests and no conflict of interest to disclose.