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Authors
Tomsich, Elizabeth A.
Wintemute, Garen J.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Violence Prevention Research Program
California Firearm Violence Research Center
The Joyce Foundation (SG-22-45737)
The Heising-Simons Foundation (2019-1728)
The California Wellness Foundation (20-25584)
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Article History
Received: 4 September 2024
Accepted: 23 September 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: The University of California Davis Institutional Review Board approved this study. The University of California, Davis, in accordance with its FWA with the Department of Health & Human Services, adheres to all federal and state regulations related to the protection of human research subjects, including 45 CFR 46 (“The Common Rule”), 21 CFR 50, 21 CFR 56 for FDA regulated products, and the principles of The Belmont Report and Institutional policies and procedures. In addition, the International Conference on Harmonization, Good Clinical Practice (ICH GCP) principles are adhered to insofar as they parallel the previously mentioned regulations and policies.Participants saw the following statement in the introductory text to the questionnaire: “Thank you very much again for responding to our Life in America survey in May or June of 2022. This new survey is about life in the United States in 2023. Like many surveys, this survey may include some questions that you might consider personal, such as questions about your thoughts on social and political issues. Your opinions and experiences are important for understanding and responding to the needs of our communities and our country. As a reminder, your responses are only ever used for research purposes and will remain anonymous–results are reported only for groups, not for individuals. Participation is voluntary, and you can choose not to answer any question. Answering the questions means that you accept us collecting the data. It should take you about 20 min to complete the questions in this survey. If you have any questions about this survey, you may contact the research team by calling (916) 734–3539. This study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of California, Davis. If you have any questions about your rights as a participant in this study, you may contact the University of California, Davis, Institutional Review Board at (916) 703–9151. If you have questions about your rights as a research subject or are dissatisfied at any time with any aspect of the survey, you may also contact Knowledge Panel member support at (800) 782–6899. By continuing, you are agreeing to participate in this study.”
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
