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Authors
Appiah, Anthony Baffour
Wilson, Michael Lowery
Dambach, Peter
MohammadNamdar, Mahsa
Buunaaim, Alexis Dun Bo-ib
Alatiiga, John Abanga
Ativor, Vincent
Donkor, Peter
Mock, Charles
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medizinische Fakultät Heidelberg der Universität Heidelberg
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Article History
Received: 6 October 2025
Accepted: 19 November 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (Ref: KATHIRB/AP/127/23), the Ethics Review Committee of Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (Ref: CCTHERC/EC/2023/120), and the Department ofResearch and Development of Tamale Teaching Hospital (Ref. TTH/R&D/SR/031). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, which outlines ethical principles for medical research involving human participants, with strict adherence of data security and confidentiality.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
