Takishita, Kosei http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2108-5125
Poulidis, Alexandros-Panagiotis
Iguchi, Masato
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (the Integrated Program for the Next Generation Volcano Research, Human Resource Management project)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (22J12185, 22KJ1816)
Kyoto University (DAAD-Kyoto University Partnership Programme towards SDGs 2022)
Article History
Received: 14 June 2023
Accepted: 15 December 2023
First Online: 15 February 2024
Declarations
:
: The authors would like to thank the Sakurajima Volcano Research Center staff for helping with disdrometer network maintenance. The authors would also like to thank Professor Mihalis Vrekoussis and the Laboratory for Modeling and Observation of the Earth System (LAMOS) group at the University of Bremen, and Professor Costanza Bonadonna and the Physical Volcanology and Geological Risk group at the University of Geneva for hosting research visits and valuable discussions, especially Dr. Jonathan Lemus for giving us helpful advice in the threshold estimation of finger constraint diameter, as well as two anonymous reviewers for the constructive comments that have helped improved the manuscript. Volcanic plume heights used to make Fig. InternalRef removed were taken from the database of the Kagoshima Local Meteorological Observatory (2023).
: Conceptualization, KT, APP, and MI; methodology, KT, APP, and MI; software, KT; validation, KT; formal analysis, KT; investigation, KT, and MI; resources, APP and MI; data curation, KT; writing—original draft preparation, KT; writing—review and editing, KT, APP and MI; visualization, KT; supervision, MI; project administration, MI; funding acquisition, MI and KT. All authors have read and agreed to the final version of the manuscript.
: This research was conducted under the Integrated Program for the Next Generation Volcano Research and Human Resource Management project, funded by the Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), and was also supported by a Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows (22J12185; 22KJ1816) and DAAD-Kyoto University Partnership Programme towards SDGs 2022.
: The data that support the findings in the present study are available from the corresponding author upon a request.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.