Document is current

Article History

Received: 23 September 2024

Accepted: 12 December 2024

First Online: 23 December 2024

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the Charité’s Ethics Committee (number EA1/019/14; approval date January 30, 2014) and the institutional data protection officer. Written informed consent was obtained from all the patients or their authorized surrogates after ICU admission; if consent was initially obtained from a surrogate, we obtained consent from the patient once he or she was deemed to be legally competent. All procedures were followed under the ethical standards of Charité’s Ethics Committee on humans and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975.

: Not applicable.

: A.L. reports personal fees from Avanos Medical, Drägerwerk AG KGaA, Dr. Franz Köhler Chemie GmbH, Hill-Rom Holdings and Philips Healthcare outside the submitted work. He reports a grant from Philips Healthcare outside the submitted work which was paid into departmental funds and Charité Clinician Scientist Program. C.S. (inventor) and A.L. (inventor) report issued patents related to the submitted work: European Patent 3 174 589 from July 31, 2015, European Patent 3 174 588 from July 31, 2015 and US Patent US 2017/0224950 A1 from August 10, 2017. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential competing interests.