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Authors
Qiu, Changcui https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2401-3474
Tang, Lulu
Zhuang, Yugang
Chi, Chunwei
Zheng, Kangwei
Zhu, Xiaoping
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Shanghai Nursing Association Research Project (2024MS-B21)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72074168)
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Article History
Received: 29 September 2025
Accepted: 12 January 2026
First Online: 21 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study is a retrospective study in which only patient data were collected for analysis. It did not involve treatment, pathological specimens, or laboratory tests and did not interfere with the treatment of patients. This study was approved by the hospital’s ethics committee (Ethics Committee of Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital); the batch number was 24K181. 1. The authors confirmed that all the experimental protocols were approved by a named institutional and/or licensing committee. 2. We confirmed that all methods were carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations (Declaration of Helsinki). 3. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
