Cho, Nicole A.
Schlechte, Jared
Yu, Ian-ling
Bains, Ish
Fahlman, Tanner
Mackenzie, Colin
McDonald, Braedon https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8936-8992
Funding for this research was provided by:
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (173296)
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (170746)
Canadian Foundation for Innovation (JELF grant 40697)
Article History
Received: 24 October 2025
Accepted: 14 January 2026
First Online: 27 January 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the health research ethics boards of the University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (REB18-1294). Written informed consent was obtained from all study participants or appropriate surrogate decision-makers for patients who were unable to provide consent due to incapacitating illness.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interest exists.
: Microbiome DNA sequence datasets available in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive under BioProject ID PRJNA851469. Additional datasets and code are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.