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Authors
Phoophiboon, Vorakamol https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5461-9448
Rodrigues, Antenor
Ko, Matthew
Menga, Luca S.
Vieira, Fernando
Docci, Mattia
Sharifi, Kiana
Schreiber, Annia
Sousa, Mayson L. A.
Goffi, Alberto
Rigamonti, Andrea
Brochard, Laurent
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Physicians' Services Incorporated Foundation (23-26)
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Article History
Received: 23 November 2025
Accepted: 16 January 2026
First Online: 25 February 2026
Declarations
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: The Unity Health Toronto Research Ethics Board (REB) at St. Michael’s Hospital approved the study protocol [#23-231]. Informed consent was obtained directly from patients or their substitute decision-makers (SDMs) and deferred consent was used when the patient was not competent and SDM was not available.
: Not applicable.
: VP was granted partially by Physician’s Services Incorporated (PSI) Foundation (No.23-26), Ontario, Canada for this work. LB reports a relationship (funding grants) with Medtronic, Drager Medical GmbH, SenTec Inc, Phillips and Fisher & Paykel healthcare Inc. FV is currently employed by Fisher & Paykel Healthcare. Others declare no competing interests relevant to this work.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
