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Authors
Naendrup, Jan-Hendrik https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-7938
Hilbers, Oliver Martin
Gruell, Henning
Altenrath, Lisa
Heger, Jan-Michel
Eichenauer, Dennis Alexander
Böll, Boris
Kochanek, Matthias
Shimabukuro-Vornhagen, Alexander
Garcia Borrega, Jorge
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Köln
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Article History
Received: 17 November 2025
Accepted: 28 January 2026
First Online: 12 February 2026
Declarations
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: Prior to the start of the study, approval was obtained by the local ethics committee of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Cologne (approval number: 24–1308-retro). Given the non-interventional retrospective nature of the study no informed consent had to be obtained from the included patients.
: Not applicable.
: JHN received research funding from the Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung for research on ECMO-induced coagulopathy, not related to the submitted work. BB has served as a consultant or advisor for AMGEN, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Autolous, Kite/Gilead, Miltenyi, MSD Sharp and Dohme, Noscendo, and has received honoraria from Amgen, Astellas, Kite/Gilead, Pfizer, and Roche—all outside of the submitted work. JGB received scientific grants from Kite/Gilead not related to the submitted manuscript. OMH, HG, LA, JMH, DAE, MK and ASV declare that they have no competing interest.
