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Article History

Received: 26 January 2026

Accepted: 4 February 2026

First Online: 25 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Wilhelm Behringer: Wilhelm Behringer has received speaking honoraria from Becton Dickinson and Zoll. Benjamin Abella: Benjamin Abella is a consultant at Becton Dickinson, and has received speaking honoraria from Stryker and funding from Avive. Jasmin Arrich: Jasmin Arrich has no COI to declare. Bernd Boettiger: Bernd Boettiger is treasurer of the European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Founder of the ERC Research NET, Chairman of the German Resuscitation Council (GRC), Federal Medical Advisor of the German Red Cross (DRK), Member of the Advanced Life Support (ALS) Task Force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR), Member of the Board of the World Society of Intravenous Anaesthesia (SIVA), Former Member of the Executive Committee of the German Interdisciplinary Association for Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (DIVI), Founder of the German Resuscitation Foundation, Member of the Advisory Board of the Deutsche Herzstiftung, Co-Editor of Resuscitation, Editor of the Journal Notfall + Rettungsmedizin, and Co-Editor of the Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology. He received fees for lectures/advice from the following companies: Forum für medizinische Fortbildung (FomF), BD Deutschland GmbH, and Doccla Deutschland GmbH. Michel Holzer: Michel Holzer has received honoraria for lectures from Becton Dickinson.

: During the preparation of this work, the corresponding author used Gemini to improve language, grammar, and stylistic flow. Following this process, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.