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Article History

Received: 18 December 2025

Accepted: 20 February 2026

First Online: 3 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This pilot and feasibility study was approved by the Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices (AEMPS) and the corresponding institutional research ethics committee (code 2020/9238), in accordance with Good Clinical Practice guidelines and the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was registered retrospectively on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT07121257) to ensure transparent international reporting of the results. Written informed consent was obtained from the patients or their legal surrogates prior to inclusion . The study was externally monitored by the Clinical Research Support Unit (SEIC) of Biocruces Bizkaia, Spain, to ensure Good Clinical Practice compliance.

: All patients or their immediate family members gave their consent for the dissemination of the results derived from the study.

: Lucía Picazo Moreno and Francisco José Parrilla Gómez are co-inventors of the Ventijet ventilator, protected under Spanish Patent No. ES2926416, granted by the Spanish Patent and Trademark Office (OEPM), and co-founders of Ventijet Healthcare, a company established for research and development purposes. This intellectual property is not currently commercialized. Francisco José Parrilla Gómez declares personal fees for occasional lectures to Vantive® and Estor®. Joan Ramon Masclans Enviz declares grants and non-financial support from Fisher & Paykel, personal fees from Gilead and Aerogen, and Member of the Aerogen European Medical Advisory Board. All other authors declare no competing interests.