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Authors
Hakimi, Mohd Idham
Farid, Mohammed Abdillah Ahmad
Norrrahim, Mohd Nor Faiz
Zakaria, Mohd Rafein
Shirai, Yoshihito
Hassan, Mohd Ali
Mohd Yusoff, Mohd Zulkhairi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-9350
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2024/STG01/UPM/02/4)
Higher Education Center of Excellence (HICoE) Grant (5210008)
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Article History
Received: 21 October 2025
Revised: 28 December 2025
Accepted: 12 January 2026
First Online: 11 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
