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Authors
Wang, Yelong
Zhang, Jiandong
Yang, Hongjing
Wei, Jinbin
Song, Kai
Li, Shan
Shen, Laiwei
Yang, Guangyu
Ali, Mohamed Yassin
Wang, Zhen
Zhang, Yong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1497-5979
Wang, Yuzhen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2024YFE0199700)
General Program Fund of China Tobacco Industry Development Center (ZYSYM-2024-03)
the Science and Technology Project Special Fund of Gansu Province (22YF11GA292)
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Article History
Received: 29 December 2025
Revised: 10 April 2026
Accepted: 16 April 2026
First Online: 13 May 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval and consent to participate were not required for this study as it does not involve human participants, human subjects or human tissues.
: All authors have given their full consent to publish this work.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
