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Article History

Received: 5 December 2024

Accepted: 9 February 2025

First Online: 6 March 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2024). The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and Ethics Review Committee at The Affiliated Huai’an No.1 People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University (KY-2024-365-01), approved by the Ethics Committee on Biomedical Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (No. 2024 − 1511), approved by the Ethics Review Committee, Huai’an Cancer Hospital (No. 2024056). The study protocols and procedures were reviewed and approved by the committee prior to the commencement of data collection.

: Informed consent was obtained from all human participants involved in this study. They were provided with a clear explanation of the research objectives, procedures, potential risks, and benefits, and they voluntarily agreed to participate. To ensure confidentiality and anonymity, all personal identifying information was anonymized or coded during data analysis and reporting.

: The authors declare no competing interests.