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Article History

Received: 24 April 2025

Accepted: 16 June 2025

First Online: 4 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the Mass General Brigham Institutional Review Board under protocol number 019P000756, adhered to HIPAA compliance requirements, and was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Q-DT reports consulting fees from Astellas, Bayer, Intuitive Surgical, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and research funding from the American Cancer Society, Pfizer Global Medical Grants (Prostate Cancer Disparities #63354905) and funding from Health Disparity Research Award from the Department of Defense Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program (#PC220551). APC reports research funding from the Bruce A Beal and Robert L Beal surgical fellowship of the BWH Department of Surgery, from the Prostate Cancer Foundation and American Cancer Society (#23YOUN25) and from a Physician Research Award from the Department of Defense Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program (#PC220342). SMK reports speaker fees from Janssen, Astellas and research fund from the Max Kade foundation/Austrian Academy of Science. ASK reports consulting fees from Janssen, Profound, Pfizer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck. KLK reports research funding from American Cancer Society, Pfizer Global Medical Grants (Prostate Cancer Disparities #63475209) and funding from Health Disparity Research Award from the Department of Defense Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program (#PC200248). SFS reports receiving honoraria from Astellas, AstraZeneca, BMS, Ferring, Ipsen, Janssen, MSD, Olympus, Pfizer, Roche, and Takeda; having a consulting or advisory role in Astellas, AstraZeneca, BMS, Ferring, Ipsen, Janssen, MSD, Olympus, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Roche, and Takeda; and being in the speakers’ bureau of Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, BMS, Ferring, Ipsen, Janssen, MSD, Olympus, Pfizer, Richard Wolf, Roche, and Takeda. SL reports consulting with Astellas, Savor Health, Blue Earth, Endo Pharmaceuticals, and Doceree, unrelated to the current manuscript, and research funding from the Prostate Cancer Foundation, National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control, Department of Defense, and Endo Phamaceuticals.

: During the preparation of this work the authors used DeepL and GPT 4.0 Open AI for language editing of the manuscript. However, the content and analysis presented were independently generated and did not involve the use of any AI model.