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Authors
Zhang, Yue
Ma, Linxiaoxi
Hu, Na
Chang, Cai
Gao, Yi
Chen, Yaling
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82202160)
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Health Industry Clinical Research Special Project (202240046)
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Article History
Received: 30 July 2024
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 21 October 2025
Declarations
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: The design process rigorously adhered to the principles of the Ethics Committee of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, ensuring the confidentiality and privacy of patient data. The requirement of informed consent was waived because of the retrospective nature of this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest in the conduct or publication of this study. The work is original and not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
