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Authors
Ma, Qifan
Ren, Jiliang
Ge, Yaqiong
Yuan, Ying
Tao, Xiaofeng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82172051)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82172049)
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Article History
Received: 9 September 2025
Accepted: 17 December 2025
First Online: 23 December 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Review Board of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital (IRB approval number: SH9H-2022-TK545-1); the requirement for written informed consent was waived.
: The need for written informed consent was waived with the confirmation of patient data confidentiality by the institutional Ethics Committee for this retrospective study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
