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Authors
Fu, Chenghao
Bian, Chengyu
Du, Haonan
Wang, Yuheng
Zhang, Jia
Li, Xiang
Cao, Lei
Zhu, Jian
Wang, Jun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Jiangsu Province Graduate Research and Practice Innovation Project (SJCX24_0785)
National Science Foundation of China (82373441)
Clinical Capacity Improvement Project of Jiangsu Province People’s Hospital (No. JSPH-MA-2021-8)
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Article History
Received: 23 October 2025
Accepted: 12 February 2026
First Online: 21 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Review Board of Jiangsu Province Hospital (No. 2019-SR-450), the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University (KYLLSL-2022-590), and the Ethics Committee of the First People’s Hospital of Suqian (2022-KYSB-0002). Given the retrospective design and anonymization of all patient data, the requirement for informed consent to participate was waived.
: The authors consent to the publication of this work.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
