Takaya, Kosuke https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-6287
Kurata, Noriko
Ise, Takeshi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4331-5144
Iijima, Yoshihiro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0590-5696
Funding for this research was provided by:
Arctic Challenge for Sustainability Research Projects II , Ministry of Education (JPMXD1420318865)
Article History
Received: 16 April 2025
Accepted: 11 February 2026
First Online: 14 April 2026
Declarations
:
: YI is a Section Chief Editor of the SPEPS editorial board and one of the editorial task teams in SPEPS entitled “Water-carbon cycles and terrestrial changes in the Arctic and subarctic regions,” to which this manuscript was submitted. However, he was not involved in the peer-review process of this manuscript. The authors declare that they have no other competing interests.