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Article History

Received: 19 February 2025

Accepted: 26 August 2025

First Online: 30 September 2025

Declarations

:

: This research was supported in part by R01HL157273-02 and R01-EB034692-01A1. The views expressed are solely those of the authors and do not reflect those of the National Institutes of Health, MD Anderson Cancer Center, or Washington University School of Medicine.

: Tinsu Pan is a consultant for Bracco Medical Systems, LLC. The other authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center under the Institution Review Board (IRB) # 2021 − 0999.

: No informed consent was obtained as the data were collected in a standard patient care procedure and were analyzed retrospectively.

: No informed consent was obtained for the publication of the patient data as the data were stripped of the patient information according to the IRB.