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Authors
Suh, Minseok https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6932-8552
Kim, Keon Min https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1634-8215
Choi, Jin Woo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6639-8002
Lee, Jae Sung https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7623-053X
Paeng, Jin Chul https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7464-9342
Kim, Hyo-Cheol https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6016-247X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Seoul Metropolitan Government (BT240153)
Seoul National University Hospital (24A-023-0100)
Ministry of SMEs and Startups (RS-2025-02222237)
National Research Foundation of Korea grants funded by the Koreangovernment (RS-2022-00164776)
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Article History
Received: 1 May 2025
Accepted: 2 December 2025
First Online: 17 December 2025
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in studies were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. All included data were collected as study protocol approved by the local institutional ethics committee (approval No. H-2207–030-1337).
: This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board in accordance with the ethical standard and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its later amendments. The requirement for written informed consent was waived.
: N/A.
: No other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article exist.
