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Authors
Long, Qigang
Tian, Yan
Hu, Yun
Xu, Zhenchun
Zhang, Wenqian
Xu, Shanshan
Liu, Wei
Jin, Jingzheng
Peng, Yunsong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital Talent Fund ([2022]-5)
the Youth Science and Technology Talent Support Program of Guizhou Provincial Association for Science and Technology (the Youth Science and Technology Talent Support Program of Guizhou Provincial Association for Science and Technology)
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Article History
Received: 23 October 2025
Accepted: 19 January 2026
First Online: 31 January 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (reference number: 2024 Scientific Ethics Review No. 32). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant local regulations. Given the retrospective design and use of de-identified clinical data acquired during routine care, the institutional review board waived the requirement for written informed consent from individual participants. The ethics committee reviewed and accepted the protocol, data-protection measures, and risk–benefit assessment.
: Written informed consent for publication of anonymized clinical images and related details was obtained from all three adult patients whose images appear in this manuscript. All images were fully de-identified and contain no personally identifiable information.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
