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Authors
Chiu, Sheng-Chieh
Lin, Yun-Chi
McConathy, Jonathan
Lin, Sheng-Yu
Fang, Yu-Hua Dean
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (P30AG086401)
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Article History
Received: 9 October 2025
Accepted: 27 February 2026
First Online: 11 March 2026
Declarations
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: This was a retrospective study based on publicly available and de-identified data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS-3) datasets. The original data collections were approved by their respective institutional review boards, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Therefore, the data analysis in this study was exempt from separate institutional review board approval at our institution.
: Not applicable. No individual patient data is presented.
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
