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Authors
Ellis, Jordan Twombly
Rangel, Juliana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0586-9245
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
American Beekeeping Federation
College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A and M University (Hatch Project (TEX09557))
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Article History
Received: 27 October 2023
Accepted: 7 November 2024
First Online: 27 November 2024
Declarations
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: Bees were sourced from regularly managed field colonies. Bees that were stressed with <i>Varroa</i> mites were naturally stressed in the field. For the temperature stress they were exposed to mild stress for 24 h during pupation so that we could study the adverse effects. At all points bees had food ad libitum. All bees were introduced back into bee colonies and allowed to live out their lives under standard conditions.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
