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Article History

Received: 30 August 2024

Accepted: 14 April 2025

First Online: 12 May 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was approval by the Institutional Review Board/Ethics Committee of Osaka University Hospital (registration number: 09297–20). Data was collected in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their parents for those under the age of 18 years.

: Not applicable.

: Outside the submitted work, Dr McAlinden has received consultancy fees/honorarium/travel support (past 36 months) from: Atia Vision (Campbell, California, USA), Bausch and Lomb (Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA), Bayer (Leverkusen, Germany), British Society of Refractive Surgery (Oxford, UK), BVI (Liège, Belgium), Cutting Edge (Labége, France), Hoya (Frankfurt, Germany), Knowledge Gate Group (Copenhagen, Denmark), Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision (Santa Ana, California, USA), Keio University (Tokyo, Japan), Medevise Consulting SAS (Strasbourg, France), Portuguese Society of Ophthalmology (Coimbra, Portugal), Rayner (Worthing, UK), ROHTO (Tokyo, Japan), Royal College of Ophthalmologists (London, UK), SightGlass vision (Menlo Park, California, USA), Scope (Crawley, UK), SpyGlass (Aliso Viejo, California, USA), Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou, China), Thea pharmaceuticals (Clemont-Ferrand, France), Vold Vision (Arkansas, USA). Dr McAlinden developed the Quality of Vision (QoV) questionnaire and the Orthokeratology and Contact Lens Quality of Life Questionnaire (OCL-QoL), and has a financial interest in these tools. He also consults on topics including Rasch analysis, questionnaires, statistical analyses, and clinical/surgical ophthalmology topics. Dr McAlinden has been co-awarded research grants relating to diabetic eye disease from the Welsh Government and the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (unpaid roles) and Catalytic funding from Health and Care Research Wales to develop a Centre for Vision Services Research. Dr McAlinden is a council member and treasurer of the British Society for Refractive Surgery (unpaid role) and a PROM advisor to the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (unpaid role). Dr McAlinden has undertaken paid peer reviews for Research Square (Durham, North Carolina, USA). Dr McAlinden is an editorial board member for Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision, Archives of Medical Science, Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal of Ophthalmology, and Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. Dr McAlinden is an Associate Editor for Frontiers in Medicine—Ophthalmology.