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Authors
Zhuoruo, Xirenayi
Li, Yike
Sun, Yiting
Mu, Chongyang
Sun, Hongjing
Jiang, Tao
Wang, Chunyang
Wang, Ning
Jin, Xiuming https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7492-5143
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 82171013)
Zhejiang Provincial Major Science and Technology Projects (Grant No. 2022C03173)
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Article History
Received: 1 July 2025
Accepted: 6 November 2025
First Online: 2 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (Approval No. 2024 LXD No. 1249) and adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Arctic Vision (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. provided iTEAR devices for this study but had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, manuscript preparation, or decision to publish. The company was not involved in determining the study outcomes or conclusions.
