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Authors
Friedrich, Maximilian
Son, Hyeck-Soo
Turava, Lasha-Giorgi
Hammer, Maximilian
Blöck, Louise
Chychko, Lizaveta
Yildirim, Timur Mert
Auffarth, Gerd Uwe
Augustin, Victor Aristide
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Clinician Scientist Program of Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine
Medizinische Fakultät Heidelberg der Universität Heidelberg
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Article History
Received: 11 November 2025
Accepted: 6 March 2026
First Online: 30 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board/Ethics Committee (ID: S-621/2021) of the Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Germany, and performed in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: T.M. Yildirim reports lecture fees from Alcon Laboratories, Johnson & Johnson Vision and Hoya Corp. and nonfinancial support from Johnson & Johnson Vision. G.U. Auffarth reports lecture fees and research grants from Johnson & Johnson Vision, Alcon Laboratories, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Hoya Corp., Kowa Co., Ltd., Oculentis GmbH/Teleon, Physiol S.A., Rayner Intraocular Lenses Ltd., Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Ophthec BV, Santen, Sifi Medtech Srl, Acufocus Inc., Novartis, Ursapharm and Biotech; nonfinancial support from Rheacell, Contamac, Cristalens, Croma, EyeYon, Hanita, and VS.Y outside the submitted work. V.A. Augustin reports research grants from Kowa Co. and travel grants from Roche Holding AG outside the submitted work. The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.
