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Authors
Guo, Shipeng
Yu, Xuan
Ma, Haonan
Wang, Mingyang
Jiao, Dian
Zhang, Xuerui
Yang, Yuan
Xiao, Haodong
Zhang, Wenting
Liu, Huanyu
Yang, Yufan
Peng, Jie
Wang, Zhichao
Zhao, Peiquan
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Article History
Received: 13 January 2026
Accepted: 23 April 2026
First Online: 13 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Approval number: SH9H-2019-T163-5). All enrolled patients (or parents of the paediatric patients) provided written informed consent.
: We confirm that we have obtained all the necessary permissions to use identifiable materials or photographs, including retinal imaging and anterior segment imaging, featured in this study. All patients provided informed consent for the publication of these images.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
