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From precarious employment to self-employment: agency and adaptation among China’s internal return migrants

Published Online: 2026-09-01

Authors

Gao, Yueyue https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-1230
Adaawen, Stephen

Haartsen, Tialda
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

National Social Science Fund of China (22BSH047)

China Scholarship Council (201906010147)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-09-01

Version of Record valid from 2026-09-01
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Article History

Received: 14 January 2025

Revised: 27 June 2026

Accepted: 26 July 2026

First Online: 1 September 2026

Declarations

Competing interests: The authors declare they have no known competing interests.

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